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GLP-1 conditions encyclopedia

Plain-English overviews of the conditions GLP-1 medications treat. Symptoms, risk factors, treatment paths, and primary sources for every fact.

Medically reviewed
Cited to NIH, NEJM, FDA
Updated quarterly

ICD-10 · K76.0
NAFLD / MASH(NAFLD)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now often called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common chronic liver disease in the US. The progressive inflammatory form (MASH, formerly NASH) can lead to cirrhosis. GLP-1 medications show emerging benefit for both weight loss and direct liver effects.
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ICD-10 · E66
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disease defined by excess body fat that increases health risk. The medical threshold is BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with a weight-related comorbidity. GLP-1 medications Wegovy and Zepbound are FDA-approved for chronic weight management and produce 14–21% mean weight loss in clinical trials.
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ICD-10 · G47.33
Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep due to airway collapse. In December 2024 the FDA expanded Zepbound's indications to include moderate-to-severe OSA in adults with obesity — the first weight-loss drug approved for the condition.
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ICD-10 · E28.2
Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)
PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting roughly 8-13% globally. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgens, and polycystic ovaries. GLP-1 medications are increasingly used off-label for the obesity and insulin-resistance components of PCOS.
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ICD-10 · E11
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body either resists insulin or does not produce enough of it to maintain normal blood glucose. GLP-1 receptor agonists are recommended injectable add-on therapy when A1C target is not met on metformin, and lower A1C by 1.0-2.0 percentage points on average.
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