Bibliography
Our sources
Every load-bearing claim on this site cites a primary source. We prefer FDA prescribing information, peer-reviewed journals (NEJM, JAMA, Lancet), and government clinical guidelines. Manufacturer marketing pages are referenced only for verifiable pricing data.
FDA prescribing information
FDAFDA / Novo Nordisk
Indications, dosing, contraindications, adverse reactions.
FDAFDA / Novo Nordisk
FDAFDA / Eli Lilly
FDAFDA / Eli Lilly
Peer-reviewed clinical trials
Peer-reviewedNew England Journal of Medicine· 2021
Wilding et al. — 14.9% mean weight loss at 68 weeks.
Peer-reviewedNew England Journal of Medicine· 2022
Jastreboff et al. — 20.9% mean weight loss at 72 weeks on 15 mg dose.
Peer-reviewedJAMA· 2021
Most weight regained within 1 year of discontinuation.
Peer-reviewedJAMA· 2024
Clinical guidelines
GuidelineEndocrine Society· 2015
GuidelineAmerican Diabetes Association· 2024
GuidelineAmerican Association of Clinical Endocrinology· 2016
Pricing & access data
FDAFDA
Live shortage status for semaglutide and tirzepatide.
ManufacturerNovo Nordisk / Eli Lilly
Brand-name savings cards and eligibility criteria.
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